Helicobacter pylori is a pervasive organism found in approximately 50% of the global population, with transmission occurring through either oral-to-oral or fecal-to-oral contact.
In general, individuals infected with H. pylori are often asymptomatic, and no specific clinical signs or symptoms have been distinctly outlined. However, when present, signs and/or symptoms may manifest as follows:
For patients suspected of H. pylori infection, various laboratory studies can assist in the diagnosis:
While there isn’t a formal staging system for H. pylori infection, distinct steps in the disease process are well-described:
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